Module 1 · Fundamentals
Threat modeling
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Think like an attacker, on purpose.

Threat modeling is a structured exercise done before you build: draw the system, brainstorm what can go wrong, decide mitigations, then review. STRIDE gives the brainstorm six categories so it doesn't miss anything.

The four-question method

1
What are we building?Draw data flows and trust boundaries.
2
What can go wrong?Brainstorm threats — STRIDE, right.
3
What are we doing about it?Design mitigations for each real threat.
4
Did we do a good job?Review, then iterate as the system changes.

STRIDE — six categories, one per letter

S

Spoofing — pretending to be someone else. Fix: strong auth, mTLS.

T

Tampering — altering data or code. Fix: checksums, signed artifacts.

R

Repudiation — denying an action, no proof. Fix: audit logging.

I

Info disclosure — data leaks. Fix: encryption, least privilege.

D

Denial of service — unavailable to real users. Fix: rate limits, autoscale.

E

Elevation of privilege — more access than allowed. Fix: least privilege, authz checks.

Walk any system through all six STRIDE categories, one at a time, against its real data flow — a repeatable method beats random guessing, for any system, not just this login example.